pyodbc 3.x for Python 3

This is preliminary and subject to change

Parameters

The following table describes how Python objects passed to Cursor.execute as parameters are formatted and passed to the driver/database.

| Python Data Type | Description | ODBC Data Type | |:---------------------|:----------------|:-------------------| | None | varies | varies (1) | | str | UCS-2 encoded Unicode | SQL_WVARCHAR or SQL_WLONGVARCHAR (2) | | bytes, bytearray | binary | SQL_VARBINARY or SQL_LONGVARBINARY (2) | | bool | bit | BIT | | datetime.date | date | SQL_TYPE_DATE | | datetime.time | time | SQL_TYPE_TIME | | datetime.datetime | timestamp | SQL_TIMESTAMP | | long | bigint | SQL_BIGINT | | float | double | SQL_DOUBLE | | decimal | numeric | SQL_NUMERIC |

1. If the driver supports it, SQLDescribeParam is used to determine the appropriate type. If not supported, SQL_VARCHAR is used.
2. SQLGetTypeInfo is used to determine when the LONG types are used. If not supported by the driver, VARCHAR and WVARCHAR will be 255 and BINARY will be 510.

Results

The following table describes how database results are converted to Python objects.

| Description | ODBC Data Type | Python data type | |:------------------------|:-----------------------------------------|:---------------------| | NULL | any | None | | UCS-2 encoded Unicode | SQL_WCHAR, SQL_WVARCHAR | str | | ASCII | SQL_CHAR, SQL_VARCHAR | str | | GUID | SQL_GUID | str | | XML | SQL_XML | str | | binary | SQL_BINARY && SQL_VARBINARY | bytes | | decimal, numeric | SQL_DECIMAL, SQL_DECIMAL | decimal.Decimal | | bit | SQL_BIT | bool | | integers | SQL_TINYINT, SQL_SMALLINT, SQL_INTEGER, SQL_BIGINT | long | | floating point | SQL_REAL, SQL_FLOAT, SQL_DOUBLE | float | | time | SQL_TYPE_TIME | datetime.time | | SQL Server time | SS_TIME2 | datetime.time | | date | SQL_TYPE_DATE | datetime.date | | timestamp | SQL_TIMESTAMP | datetime.datetime |

pyodbc 3.x for Python 2

This is preliminary and subject to change

Parameters

| Python Data Type | Description | ODBC data type | |:---------------------|:------------------------|:-------------------| | None | varies | varies (1) | | unicode | UCS-2 encoded Unicode | SQL_WVARCHAR or SQL_WLONGVARCHAR (2) | | str | ASCII | SQL_VARCHAR or SQL_LONGVARCHAR (2) | | bytearray (3) | binary | SQL_VARBINARY or SQL_LONGVARBINARY (2) | | buffer | binary | SQL_VARBINARY or SQL_LONGVARBINARY (2) | | bool | bit | BIT | | datetime.date | date | SQL_TYPE_DATE | | datetime.time | time | SQL_TYPE_TIME | | datetime.datetime | timestamp | SQL_TIMESTAMP | | int | integer | SQL_INTEGER | | long | bigint | SQL_BIGINT | | float | double | SQL_DOUBLE | | decimal | numeric | SQL_NUMERIC |

1. If the driver supports it, SQLDescribeParam is used to determine the appropriate type. If not supported, SQL_VARCHAR is used.
2. SQLGetTypeInfo is used to determine when the LONG types are used. If not supported by the driver, VARCHAR and WVARCHAR will be 255 and BINARY will be 510.
3. Introduced in Python 2.6

Results

The following table describes how database results are converted to Python objects.

| Description | ODBC Data Type | Python data type | |:------------------------|:-----------------------------------------|:---------------------| | NULL | any | None | | UCS-2 encoded Unicode | SQL_WCHAR, SQL_WVARCHAR | unicode | | ASCII | SQL_CHAR, SQL_VARCHAR | str | | GUID | SQL_GUID | str | | XML | SQL_XML | str | | binary | SQL_BINARY, SQL_VARBINARY | bytearray (Python 2.6+) or buffer(str) (Python 2.4 & 2.5)| | decimal, numeric | SQL_DECIMAL, SQL_DECIMAL | decimal.Decimal | | bit | SQL_BIT | bool | | integers | SQL_TINYINT, SQL_SMALLINT, SQL_INTEGER, SQL_BIGINT | long | | floating point | SQL_REAL, SQL_FLOAT, SQL_DOUBLE | float | | time | SQL_TYPE_TIME | datetime.time | | SQL Server time | SS_TIME2 | datetime.time | | date | SQL_TYPE_DATE | datetime.date | | timestamp | SQL_TIMESTAMP | datetime.datetime |

pyodbc 2.1

The following table shows the ODBC data types supported and the Python type used to represent values. None is always used for NULL values.

| ODBC | Python | |:------------------------------------|:-----------| | char varchar longvarchar GUID | string | | wchar wvarchar wlongvarchar | unicode | | smallint integer tinyint | int | | bigint | long | | decimal numeric | decimal | | real float double | double | | date | datetime.date | | time | datetime.time | | timestamp | datetime.datetime | | bit | bool | | binary varbinary longvarbinary | buffer | | SQL Server XML type | unicode |