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This project provides the tools and techniques to modify the PENELOPE 2006 code to generate material files that use experimentally measured molecular form factors instead of theoretical form factors computed with the independent atom approximation. The material files include Molecular Interference Function (MIF) correction and can be used to improve the realism of the small-angle coherent x-ray scattering simulated with the MC-GPU and PENELOPE codes. The improved modeling of coherent scattering is essential, for example, in the simulation of medical imaging modalities based on detecting scattered x-rays such as coherent scattering CT, or in the evaluation and correction of the scatter contribution in mammography imaging.

Visit the "Source" tab to browse the documentation of this project and download the MIF database files and a sample MC-GPU simulation that demonstrates the capabilities of the extended code. The PDF file Tutorial.pdf provides detailed information and instructions. Note that the source code of PENELOPE is not provided in this website. A list of modifications to implement to the original code to read the MIF data and generate the material-specific material files is provided here. Example material files and a sample simulation are also provided.

A detailed technical description of this work has been published at:

  • Bahaa Ghammraoui and Andreu Badal, ”Monte Carlo simulation of novel breast imaging modalities based on coherent x-ray scattering”, Phys. Med. Biol. 59, 3501-3516 (2014)

This project has been developed at the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability. Major funding for the development of this software has been provided by a grant from the FDA's Office of Women Health, in support of the project "Development, validation and dissemination of computational modeling tools to estimate radiation dose and image quality of emerging imaging technologies for the diagnosis and staging of breast cancer".


Disclaimer

This software and documentation (the "Software") were developed at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by employees of the Federal Government in the course of their official duties. Pursuant to Title 17, Section 105 of the United States Code, this work is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Software, to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, or sell copies of the Software or derivatives, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so. FDA assumes no responsibility whatsoever for use by other parties of the Software, its source code, documentation or compiled executables, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied, about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic. Further, use of this code in no way implies endorsement by the FDA or confers any advantage in regulatory decisions. Although this software can be redistributed and/or modified freely, we ask that any derivative works bear some notice that they are derived from it, and any modified versions bear some notice that they have been modified.

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