If, after making needed corrections, this could be added to the source code, I think future users would appreciate this. Thanks. --Gregg Williams

--- begin distance.c --- // Copyright 2013 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License.

include <stdio.h>

include <string.h>

include <math.h>

include <stdlib.h>

const long long max_size = 2000; // max length of strings const long long N = 40; // number of closest words that will be shown const long long max_w = 50; // max length of vocabulary entries

int main(int argc, char **argv) { FILE *f; char st1[max_size]; char bestw[N][max_size]; char file_name[max_size], st[100][max_size]; float dist, len, bestd[N], vec[max_size]; long long words, size, a, b, c, d, cn, bi[100];

char ch; float *M; char *vocab; if (argc < 2) { printf("Usage: ./distance <FILE>\nwhere FILE contains word projections in the BINARY FORMAT\n"); return 0; } strcpy(file_name, argv[1]); f = fopen(file_name, "rb"); if (f == NULL) { printf("Input file not found\n"); return -1; } // words = number of words in file fscanf(f, "%lld", &words);

// size = number of floating-point values associated with each word in the "dictionary" fscanf(f, "%lld", &size);

// vocab points to a list of all the words in the "dictionary". Words are stored in fixed-width substrings; // each word is allotted max_w bytes. vocab = (char *)malloc((long long)words * max_w * sizeof(char));

// SUMMARY: M contains 'size' (an integer) floats for each word in the "dictionary". // M points to a vector of (words * size) floats, stored linearly. Floats 0 through (size - 1) correspond // to word 0, floats size through (2 * size - 1) correspond to word 1, etc. M = (float *)malloc((long long)words * (long long)size * sizeof(float)); if (M == NULL) { printf("Cannot allocate memory: %lld MB %lld %lld\n", (long long)words * size * sizeof(float) / 1048576, words, size); return -1; }

for (b = 0; b < words; b++) {

// Reads one entry from input file f, which corresponds to one word of the "dictionary" of words contained in f;
// this word is stored in the specific substring of vocab reserved for it.
// UNSURE WHAT PURPOSE SERVED by the char pointed to by &ch--maybe a NUL char denoting end-of-string?
fscanf(f, "%s%c", &vocab[b * max_w], &ch);

// Reads 'size' floats, corresponding to the word with index b, into array M.
for (a = 0; a < size; a++) fread(&M[a + b * size], sizeof(float), 1, f);

// len = sqrt (sum of [each entry in M] ** 2 ) -- a normalizing factor
len = 0;
for (a = 0; a < size; a++) len += M[a + b * size] * M[a + b * size];
len = sqrt(len);

// Each entry in M is normalized by a factor of 'len'.
for (a = 0; a < size; a++) M[a + b * size] /= len;

} fclose(f);

// ****************************************** // ** beginning of user-interaction loop ** // ****************************************** while (1) { for (a = 0; a < N; a++) bestd[a] = 0; for (a = 0; a < N; a++) bestw[a][0] = 0; printf("Enter word or sentence (EXIT to break): ");

// st1 contains a input text from stdin (usually the console)
a = 0;
while (1) {
  st1[a] = fgetc(stdin);
  if ((st1[a] == '\n') || (a >= max_size - 1)) {
    st1[a] = 0;
    break;
  }
  a++;
}

// End program loop if input text = "EXIT".
if (!strcmp(st1, "EXIT")) break;

// st[0] is a zero-terminated character array representing the input text.
cn = 0;
b = 0;
c = 0;
while (1) {
  st[cn][b] = st1[c];
  b++;
  c++;
  st[cn][b] = 0;
  if (st1[c] == 0) break;
  if (st1[c] == ' ') {
    cn++;
    b = 0;
    c++;
  }
}
cn++;
// cn = number of words (separated by a space) in the input text
// st = an array of strings: st[0][] is the first word of the input text; st[1][] is the second word, etc.

// This loop either finds each word within the input text in the 'vocab' string, or it signals 
//     b = -1 if at least one word is not found. If a word is found, b is the index to it in 'vocab'.
// bi[0] = the index of the first word in the input text; bi[1] = the index of the second word, etc.;
//     bi[k] = -1 signals no more words--i.e., there are k words in the input text.
// For each word in the input text, the word and its position in the "dictionary" is printed.
for (a = 0; a < cn; a++) {
  // 
  for (b = 0; b < words; b++) if (!strcmp(&vocab[b * max_w], st[a])) break;
  if (b == words) b = -1;
  bi[a] = b;
  printf("\nWord: %s  Position in vocabulary: %lld\n", st[a], bi[a]);
  if (b == -1) {
    printf("Out of dictionary word!\n");
    break;
  }
}

// Ff input text is not found, restart user-interaction loop.
if (b == -1) continue;

// Reminder:
//     st points to the words in the input text (there are cn of them)
//     bi[k] is the index of word st[k] within the 'vocab' string
//     M gives the precalculated "cosine distance" value for the word at st[k][].

// The code below finds and prints the N "closest" words to the input and their 
//     "similarity" values (which are always < 1.0)--larger values are "closer".
printf("\n                                              Word       Cosine distance\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
// vec contains the 'size' floating-point values associated with the input text.
// NOTE: if the input text contains multiple words, the value of each element in vec is 
//       the SUM of the corresponding float values for each of the words in the input text.
for (a = 0; a < size; a++) vec[a] = 0;
for (b = 0; b < cn; b++) {
  if (bi[b] == -1) continue;
  // vec contains the 'size' vectors associated with the bi[b]-th word in the "dictionary".
  for (a = 0; a < size; a++) vec[a] += M[a + bi[b] * size];
}

// len = sqrt (sum of the squares of each vector element within vec)
// Each element in vec is normalized by dividing it by 'len'.
len = 0;
for (a = 0; a < size; a++) len += vec[a] * vec[a];
len = sqrt(len);
for (a = 0; a < size; a++) vec[a] /= len;

// Arrays bestd and bestw are associated with the list of the N words that are "closest"
//     to the word(s) in the input text
// For an index i, bestw[i][] points to the word in that slot,
//                 bestd[i]   points to the word's "distance" value.
for (a = 0; a < N; a++) bestd[a] = 0;
for (a = 0; a < N; a++) bestw[a][0] = 0;

// For each word in "dictionary"....    (in loop, c is the index of the word being tested)
for (c = 0; c < words; c++) {
    // a is set to 1 if any of the words in the input text is the word being tested.
  a = 0;
  for (b = 0; b < cn; b++) if (bi[b] == c) a = 1;
  if (a == 1) continue;
  // The following executes only if the word being tested is NOT in the input text.
  dist = 0;
  // dist = sum of the 'size' the float values associated with the word being tested
  for (a = 0; a < size; a++) dist += vec[a] * M[a + c * size];
  // for each of the N slots that will eventually hold the N "closest" words...
  for (a = 0; a < N; a++) {
      // if the "distance" of word c is greater than the "distance" of the current slot (slot a),
      //     move all the bestd and bestw entries one entry closer to the end of the list (losing
      //     the "worst" entry) and insert the bestd and bestw entries for the current word (c)
      //     into the current slot (a).
    if (dist > bestd[a]) {
      for (d = N - 1; d > a; d--) {
        bestd[d] = bestd[d - 1];
        strcpy(bestw[d], bestw[d - 1]);
      }
      bestd[a] = dist;
      strcpy(bestw[a], &vocab[c * max_w]);
      break;
    }
  }
}
// From "best" to "worst", print each word and its "distance" value.
for (a = 0; a < N; a++) printf("%50s\t\t%f\n", bestw[a], bestd[a]);

} return 0; } --- end distance.c ---