// Written in the D Programming Language
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/**
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* The 24th lesson in the <a href="http://nehe.gamedev.net/data/lessons/lesson.asp?lesson=24">NeHe tutorial series</a>.
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* Originally written by Jeff Molofee.
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*
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* Authors: Jeff Molofee
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* Olli Aalto
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*/
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module lesson24;
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import derelict.opengl.gl;
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import derelict.opengl.glu;
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import derelict.sdl.sdl;
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import tango.stdc.stringz;
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import tango.text.Util;
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import Int = tango.text.convert.Integer;
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/// The window title
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const char[] WINDOW_TITLE = "NeHe's Token, Extensions, Scissoring & TGA Loading Tutorial (D version)";
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/// The main loop flag
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bool running;
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/// Used For Scrolling The Screen
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int scroll;
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/// Keeps Track Of The Number Of Extensions Supported
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int maxtokens;
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/// Scissor Width
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int swidth;
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/// Scissor Height
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int sheight;
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/// Used to control the Scrolling action
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int scroller;
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/// All the available extensions
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char[][] extensions;
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/// Your display cards name
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char[] renderer;
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/// Your display cards vendor
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char[] vendor;
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/// The version of the driver used
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char[] driverVersion;
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const RENDERER_TEXT = "Renderer";
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const VENDOR_TEXT = "Vendor";
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const VERSION_TEXT = "Version";
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const NEHE_PRODUCTIONS_TEXT = "NeHe Productions";
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/// Storage for font texture
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GLuint texture;
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/// Base Display List For The Font
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GLuint base;
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/**
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* Module constructor. Here we load the GL, GLU and SDL shared libraries,
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* and the initialize SDL.
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*/
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static this()
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{
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DerelictGL.load();
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DerelictGLU.load();
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DerelictSDL.load();
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if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0)
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{
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throw new Exception("Failed to initialize SDL: " ~ getSDLError());
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}
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}
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/**
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* Module destructor. SDL_Quit must be called somewhere, and as we initialized
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* it in the module constructor so the module destructor should be a suitable
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* place.
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*/
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static ~this()
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{
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// Clean up our font list
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glDeleteLists(base, 256);
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// Clean up our texture
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glDeleteTextures(1, &texture);
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SDL_Quit();
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}
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/**
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* The main function. This is where the fun begins. The first order of business
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* is the check the command line arguments if the user wanted to start in
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* fullscreen mode. Then the window is created and OpenGL is initialized with
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* basic settings. Finally the the function starts the main loop which will live
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* for the duration of the application.
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*
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* Params:
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* args = the command line arguments
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*/
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void main(char[][] args)
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{
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bool fullScreen = false;
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if(args.length > 1)
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{
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fullScreen = args[1] == "-fullscreen";
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}
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createGLWindow(WINDOW_TITLE, 640, 480, 16, fullScreen);
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initGL();
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// Get all the available extensions
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char[] extensionString = fromStringz(glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS));
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// Split them, this replaces the token stuff in the c/c++ version
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extensions = split!(char)(extensionString, " ");
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// Get the name of your display card
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renderer = fromStringz(glGetString(GL_RENDERER));
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// Get the name of its vendor
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vendor = fromStringz(glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
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// Get the version of the driver used
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driverVersion = fromStringz(glGetString(GL_VERSION));
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running = true;
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while(running)
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{
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processEvents();
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drawGLScene();
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SDL_GL_SwapBuffers();
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SDL_Delay(10);
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// Update scrolling if either the down key or up key is being pressed
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if(scroller == -1)
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{
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if(scroll > 0)
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{
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scroll -= 2;
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}
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}
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else if(scroller == 1)
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{
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if(scroll < 32 * (maxtokens - 9))
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{
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scroll += 2;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/**
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* Process all the pending events.
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*/
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void processEvents()
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{
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SDL_Event event;
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while(SDL_PollEvent(&event))
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{
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switch(event.type)
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{
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case SDL_KEYUP:
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keyReleased(event.key.keysym.sym);
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break;
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case SDL_KEYDOWN:
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keyPressed(event.key.keysym.sym);
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break;
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case SDL_QUIT:
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running = false;
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break;
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default:
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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/**
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* Process a key released event.
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*/
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void keyReleased(int key)
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{
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switch(key)
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{
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case SDLK_ESCAPE:
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running = false;
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break;
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case SDLK_UP:
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case SDLK_DOWN:
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// No scrolling
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scroller = 0;
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break;
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default:
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break;
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}
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}
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/**
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* Process a key pressed event.
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*/
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void keyPressed(int key)
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{
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switch(key)
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{
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case SDLK_UP:
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// Scroll Up
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scroller = -1;
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break;
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case SDLK_DOWN:
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// Scroll Down
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scroller = 1;
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break;
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default:
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break;
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}
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}
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/**
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* Load the texture used in this tutorial.
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*/
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void loadGLTextures()
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{
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SDL_Surface* fontTexture;
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// Load The Bitmap Font, Check For Errors, If the Bitmap's Not Found Quit
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if((fontTexture = SDL_LoadBMP("data/Font.bmp")) !is null)
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{
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// Free the surface when exiting the scope
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scope(exit)
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SDL_FreeSurface(fontTexture);
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// Create The Texture
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glGenTextures(1, &texture);
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// Create Nearest Filtered Texture
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glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
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glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
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glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
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glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, fontTexture.w, fontTexture.h, 0, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, fontTexture.pixels);
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}
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}
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/**
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* Resize and initialize the OpenGL window.
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*/
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void resizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height)
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{
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// Set Scissor Width To Window Width
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swidth = width;
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// Set Scissor Height To Window Height
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sheight = height;
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// Reset The Current Viewport
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glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
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// Select The Projection Matrix
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glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
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// Reset The Projection Matrix
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glLoadIdentity();
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// Create Ortho widthxheight View (0,0 At Top Left)
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glOrtho(0.0f, width, height, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
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// Select The Modelview Matrix
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glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
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// Reset The Modelview Matrix
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glLoadIdentity();
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}
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/**
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* Function to build our font list.
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*/
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void buildFont()
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{
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// Creating 256 Display List
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base = glGenLists(256);
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// Select Our Font Texture
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glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
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// Loop Through All 256 Lists
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for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
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{
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/* NOTE:
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* BMPs are stored with the top-leftmost pixel being the
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* last byte and the bottom-rightmost pixel being the first
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* byte. So an image that is displayed as
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* 1 0
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* 0 0
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* is represented data-wise like
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* 0 0
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* 0 1
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* And because SDL_LoadBMP loads the raw data without
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* translating to how it is thought of when viewed we need
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* to start at the bottom-right corner of the data and work
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* backwards to get everything properly. So the below code has
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* been modified to reflect this. Examine how this is done and
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* how the original tutorial is done to grasp the differences.
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*
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* As a side note BMPs are also stored as BGR instead of RGB
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* and that is why we load the texture using GL_BGR. It's
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* bass-ackwards I know but whattaya gonna do?
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*/
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// X Position Of Current Character
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float cx = 1 - cast(float) (i % 16) / 16.0f;
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// Y Position Of Current Character
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float cy = 1 - cast(float) (i / 16) / 16.0f;
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// Start Building A List
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glNewList(base + (255 - i), GL_COMPILE);
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{
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// Use A Quad For Each Character
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glBegin(GL_QUADS);
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{
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// Texture Coord (Bottom Left)
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glTexCoord2f(cx - 0.0625, cy);
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// Vertex Coord (Bottom Left)
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glVertex2i(0, 16);
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// Texture Coord (Bottom Right)
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glTexCoord2f(cx, cy);
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// Vertex Coord (Bottom Right)
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glVertex2i(16, 16);
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// Texture Coord (Top Right)
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glTexCoord2f(cx, cy - 0.0625f);
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// Vertex Coord (Top Right)
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glVertex2i(16, 0);
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// Texture Coord (Top Left)
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glTexCoord2f(cx - 0.0625f, cy - 0.0625f);
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// Vertex Coord (Top Left)
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glVertex2i(0, 0);
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}
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glEnd();
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// Move To The Left Of The Character
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glTranslated(15, 0, 0);
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}
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glEndList();
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}
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}
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/**
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* Initialize OpenGL.
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*/
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void initGL()
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{
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// Jump To Texture Loading Routine
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loadGLTextures();
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// Build The Font
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buildFont();
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// Enables Smooth Shading
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glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
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// Black Background
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glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
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// Depth Buffer Setup
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glClearDepth(1.0f);
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// Enables Depth Testing
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glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
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// The Type Of Depth Test To Do
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glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
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// Really Nice Perspective Calculations
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glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);
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}
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/**
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* This Is Where The Printing Happens.
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*
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* Params:
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* x = the x coordinate of the text
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* y = the y coordinate of the text
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* set = font set
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* string = the text to be printed
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*/
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void glPrint(GLint x, GLint y, int set, char[] string)
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{
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if(set > 1)
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{
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set = 1;
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}
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// Enable textures
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glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
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// Select Our Font Texture
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glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
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// Disables Depth Testing
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glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
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// Reset The Modelview Matrix
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glLoadIdentity();
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// Position The Text (0,0 - Bottom Left)
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glTranslated(x, y, 0);
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// Choose The Font Set (0 or 1)
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glListBase(base - 32 + (128 * set));
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// If Set 0 Is Being Used Enlarge Font
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if(set == 0)
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{
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// Enlarge Font Width And Height
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glScalef(1.5f, 2.0f, 1.0f);
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}
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// Write The Text To The Screen
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glCallLists(string.length, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, toStringz(string));
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// Enables Depth Testing
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glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
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// Disable textures
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glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
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}
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/**
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* The drawing function. Now we only clear the color and depht buffers, so that
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* the window stays black.
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*/
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void drawGLScene()
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{
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glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear Screen And Depth Buffer
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glColor3f(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // Set Color To Bright Red
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glPrint(50, 16, 1, RENDERER_TEXT); // Display Renderer
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glPrint(80, 48, 1, VENDOR_TEXT); // Display Vendor Name
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glPrint(66, 80, 1, VERSION_TEXT); // Display Version
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glColor3f(1.0f, 0.7f, 0.4f); // Set Color To Orange
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glPrint(200, 16, 1, renderer); // Display Renderer
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glPrint(200, 48, 1, vendor); // Display Vendor Name
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glPrint(200, 80, 1, driverVersion); // Display Version
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glColor3f(0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); // Set Color To Bright Blue
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glPrint(192, 432, 1, NEHE_PRODUCTIONS_TEXT); // Write NeHe Productions At The Bottom Of The Screen
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glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The ModelView Matrix
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glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Set The Color To White
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glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP); // Start Drawing Line Strips (Something New)
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glVertex2d(639, 417); // Top Right Of Bottom Box
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glVertex2d(0, 417); // Top Left Of Bottom Box
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glVertex2d(0, 480); // Lower Left Of Bottom Box
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glVertex2d(639, 480); // Lower Right Of Bottom Box
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glVertex2d(639, 128); // Up To Bottom Right Of Top Box
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glEnd(); // Done First Line Strip
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glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP); // Start Drawing Another Line Strip
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glVertex2d(0, 128); // Bottom Left Of Top Box
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glVertex2d(639, 128); // Bottom Right Of Top Box
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glVertex2d(639, 1); // Top Right Of Top Box
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glVertex2d(0, 1); // Top Left Of Top Box
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glVertex2d(0, 117); // Down To Top Left Of Bottom Box
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glEnd(); // Done Second Line Strip
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glScissor(1, cast(int) (0.135416f * sheight), swidth - 4, cast(int) (0.597916f * sheight)); // Define Scissor Region
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glEnable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST); // Enable Scissor Testing
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// Loop through all the extensions
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foreach(cnt, extension; extensions)
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{
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// Is 'maxtokens' Less Than 'cnt'
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if(maxtokens < cnt)
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{
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maxtokens = cnt; // If So, Set 'maxtokens' Equal To 'cnt'
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}
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glColor3f(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.5f); // Set Color To Bright Green
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glPrint(0, 96 + (cnt * 32) - scroll, 0, Int.toString(cnt)); // Print Current Extension Number
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glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f); // Set Color To Yellow
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glPrint(75, 96 + (cnt * 32) - scroll, 0, extension); // Print The Current Token (Parsed Extension Name)
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}
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glDisable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST); // Disable Scissor Testing
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}
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/**
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* Initializes and opens the SDL window.
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*/
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void createGLWindow(char[] title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullScreen)
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{
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// Set the OpenGL attributes
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SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 5);
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SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 6);
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SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 5);
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SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 16);
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SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1);
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// Set the window title
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SDL_WM_SetCaption(toStringz(title), null);
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// Note the SDL_DOUBLEBUF flag is not required to enable double
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// buffering when setting an OpenGL video mode.
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// Double buffering is enabled or disabled using the
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// SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER attribute. (See above.)
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int mode = SDL_OPENGL;
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if(fullScreen)
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{
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mode |= SDL_FULLSCREEN;
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}
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// Now open a SDL OpenGL window with the given parameters
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if(SDL_SetVideoMode(width, height, bits, mode) is null)
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{
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throw new Exception("Failed to open OpenGL window: " ~ getSDLError());
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}
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resizeGLScene(width, height);
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}
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/**
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* Get the SDL error as a D string.
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*
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* Returns: A D string containing the current SDL error.
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*/
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char[] getSDLError()
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{
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return fromStringz(SDL_GetError());
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}
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