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Thank you for this feedback. The team may reach out for more information on triaging or reproducing this issue.

I have tried the example project you've provided, it does not reproduce.

Could you please try running with -Pandroid.useDexArchive=false? This disables the new dexing pipeline, and fallbacks to the old one.

@Mario Did you get a chance to try the build with -Pandroid.useDexArchive=false flag?

I'm the college of @Mario and I make it work without issues and without using  -Pandroid.useDexArchive=false by using alpha6 and removing retrolambda

Sorry my comment from Apr 21, 2017 12:41PM was wrong.
With -Pandroid.useDexArchive=false it looks like this

:app:transformClassesWithDesugarForNonpayItalyCompatDebugAndroidTest
:app:transformClassesWithPreDexForNonpayItalyCompatDebugAndroidTest
Dex: warning: Ignoring InnerClasses attribute for an anonymous inner class
(org.ccil.cowan.tagsoup.Parser$1) that doesn't come with an
associated EnclosingMethod attribute. This class was probably produced by a
compiler that did not target the modern .class file format. The recommended
solution is to recompile the class from source, using an up-to-date compiler
and without specifying any "-target" type options. The consequence of ignoring
this warning is that reflective operations on this class will incorrectly
indicate that it is *not* an inner class.

:app:transformDexWithDexForNonpayItalyCompatDebugAndroidTest FAILED

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexWithDexForNonpayItalyCompatDebugAndroidTest'.
> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.android.dex.DexIndexOverflowException: method ID not in [0, 0xffff]: 65536